Apparatus for measuring pressures



March 18, 1930. c. WARLUZEL APPARATUS FOR MEASURING PRESSURES Filed Jan. 10, 1927 M/VE/VTOR Char/es War/U261 A7 /%W/4M Avg/S.

Patented Mar. 18, 1930 CHARLES WARLUZEL, or rAnrs, rnANcE [ArrARA'rUs non MEAsuRI vG PRESSURES' Application filed January 10, 1927, Serial No. 16( ),24 8 v V filled with liquid and a part 7 filled with air 7 The Whole is 10 The sounding devices employed hitherto are based in the contraction of an initial volume of air in a measuring tube under the thrust of the water entering by a narrow orifice into the tube.

The precision of such devices is inversely proportional to the square of the depths of sounding, since the contraction in volume'of the air decreases for the same variation in pressure in ments, in accordance with the law of Mar iotte. V

The present invention has for its object a method which permits large and small pressures to be measured with equal precision and an apparatus designed for the application of this method to marine sounding.

The method consists in enclosing gas under constant volume, and then expanding this gas to a pressure chosen as a unit, the ratio of the two volumes giving the pressure by applica tion of the law po=a constant;

In particular a sounding device according to the present invention comprises a holding tube closed at the top and open at the bottom in the manner of a diving bell, and in which holding tube is locateda measuring device consistting of a tube preferably graduated, forming a manometer and containing water to an initial level predetermined so as to maintain in the upper part a constant volume of am This manometer is combined with means (siphon, capillary tube, valve, etc.) permitting the introduction or further quantities of air, into this capacity, under the influence of the increasing pressure.

The expansion of this enclosed air drives out part of the water contained in the mano metric tube and gives the measured depth by direct reading. 7

By way of example a sounding device according to the present invention is illustrated in the annexed drawi g.

It comprises a tubel closed at one end by a stopper 2 and at the other end by an obturator 3 which receives a capillary tube 4: The latter is open to the interior of the tube 1 at both ends, and acts as a siphon. The tubel is partly filled up to5, and there is thus a part 6 proportion as the pressure augandin'flir'anceJanuary 112, 1926. i

at atmospheric pressurecated in a tube 8 forming a diving bell secured T to the lead-of the soundingdevice. A

The apparatus thus constructed operates in the manner of a siphon.-- 1 I 7 A The water penetrates'the tube 8 by the lower opening 9 and compresses the air in the chamber 11 reached.

the tube 4 ,'flows and enters which rises, equilibriumthus being set up lit-' tle by little between the pressure in the air chamber 7 andthe pressure of thewater.

- When the sounding drives out -the waterasin a sip-hon by the A ENT proportionally to the depth" The compressedair penetrates through ut through the opening 10, the airt 'chamber 7 the volume of which remains constant, but the pressure of,

device is drawn up the air contained in the :chamber 7 expands and" tube 4 untilequilibrium with; the external pressure is again establishe This results in the air contained -in the Y chamber-7 expanding by one volume foreach with the law 1011. constant;

increasetof one atmosphere, in accordance The successive volumes for the pressure'increasing, in. arithmetic fore directly dergone, that is are also in arithmetic progresslon. j 1

The tube-1 can be transparent and gradu progression are there:

ated,-it can be non-transparent and in this case t e volumes areomeasured by a gauge or by deoantation of the water or any other means.

obtained inthe follo'wing manner.

,Theconstant volum e 7 can be practically The tube 1 is held inverted, thestoppr unscrewed the tube 1 filled with water up till the level of. the end 10 of the interior tube 4 is reached, the excess of water flowing naturally out through this tube, the stopper is then screwed in and the tube inverted, the air thus enclosed rising to the upper part 7 of the tube 1.

Preferably a chamber 11 is provided at the upper end of the tube 1, which only contains air before the operation of sounding.

When the apparatus is drawn up to the proportional to the pressure u11'- 1 I V inc surface the water contained in the tube 1, driven out by the expansion of the air contained in the chamber 7, more or less fills this chamber 11, and thus prevents the entry of V further air in the case of successive immersion and. withdrawal during the manipulat1on of the, sounding device,

It is obvious that the present invent on is,

not limited to the embodiment described above. For example another mode of formation of the bubble of air in-the tube 1 couldbe imagined, and other forms of the elements of the sounding device could be adopted.

The P sen n entio lso pe m ts. theses sitiveness of the apparatus to be varied,

eitherb.y"the use of, different initial volumes; 7 in the L same .tube, or -by the use of several tubes difiering in; their initial volumes.

Having now particularly described. and 21). asce ta ned: the nature oi @my' said invention and in what mannelf'tllsisaime is-to-be pen formed, I declare that What I "claim-is:-

1.. Apparatus for measuring "the .prl-issure of "a. liquid by confining: a constant volume oi 25;;gas, comprising a manometric receiver, ada .tedto hold 'zaquantity ofliquid :up to a preeterminedilevel, and a. confinedathaoss phere-of gas abovesaid liquid, level; a vessel form-mg, a-chamber containing a, gas sub ect V -0 to thepressureoffthe liquid to. be measured and a tube 015 slightdiameter relative to the manometric receiver, said :tube establishing direct. communication between the lower part ofithe manometrlcreceivenand a, gas snbj ect tothe-pressure of. the liquid to be measured;

2 Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the manometricf receiver has the for-m of: amine;

3.,Apparatus as. e1ai1ned in claim 1: in

whichacapillary-tube establishes commmni cation between the manometric. receiverand thejsaidvesselrs.

4i. Apparatusxasxclaimed in claim; 1 inwhich; the manometric. receiver" is divided intotwo partszby; an obturator, the lower." part functioning as the container of the predetermined quant'ty-otliquid, and the upper part forming a. chamber for theliquid i displaced from the tube which puts the. lower part of thermanometric receiver into communication with the said vessel.

'5... Apparatus as claimed inclaim Lin which the vessel is opened atiits lowerend thlerebyfonning a diving bell. Dated this QSthI-day of December, 1926-.

. GHARLES; WARLUZEIJ. 

